Bee mate pi
Bee mate pi: foulbrood, askosferoz, varroatoz.
etiology
Diseases pi – he rōpū o mate o pi, i kitea takitahi taitamariki i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi e toru o te whanaketanga: hua, torongū me raapoi.
Uri i roto i nga wāhanga tuatahi e rua – hua me te torongū – huaina tuwhera, a muri, ki te kia tuwhera potae ware pi – taatiraa,.
pi Healthy i roto i te wāhi whakaritea mo te pūtau ko te nuinga o te taua tau, i te wā o hua me ngā torongū o te tae ma, me te kua he pīataata, mata mākū oilily.
Pechatanyy pi ano he ona āhuatanga āhuatanga.
pūtau Cap i te marama tuatahi, me te mārama, kākahu me te whai kohakore.
Na i raro i te pokapū i reira ko te wahi pouri – whakawhanake pi. atu āhuatanga katoa, rerekē i te täkupu, kōrero e pā ana ki te mate.
Ko ratou rawa ngāwari hoki o te tirohanga ataata o heru pi pī.
I roto i te hua huaketo, torongū a mutu raapoi tupu me te whanaketanga, ngaro ratou umeraa, āta pouri, emit te kakara poke āhuatanga.
I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi kia mahi pechatanoho pi tohu mate kitea deformation potae hoho'a-atu, ratou perforation nui, discoloration.
Ka rite ki tuwhera, me pi pi kati wā arotake me te beekeeper i roto i ngā o te rere noa rerekē ranei o pepeke taitamariki.
Hei tango i te taenga tātari uhi tuanui me te, Na pana ki te honikoma tino.
Na tetahi e tetahi reo pūtau nekehia atu, e pi te tikanga pukumahi, me te āta whakaaro ratou, e hoki ratou ki te taha ki raro o te ra, kia pai te kitea nga take o ngā pūtau, me ratou taiepa raro.
A, no te tirohia ngā pūtau kau Ngā taa'eraa, pōuri, Kua puta ke tapo'io te pūwatawata me ngā torongū pouri.
e kore, ki te he hauora te pi me te te mamae mate, pūtau kau kitea tau mōkito, no te mea kōpū e kore rui hua pūtau tika hangaia.
I roto i te kaupapa o te mate o te torongū o tini o nga mate pī pūtau kau he nui ake, rite te pi pi ranei nekehia atu, maroke, me te pouri ranei, i riro nui i roto i ngā pūtau.
Hei tātari tika mate, Me papa pi pakaru ki āta titiro.
kia whanau te reira i pepeke tau, ratou wāhi i roto i te pūtau, tae, ahua, te ngaro aroaro o te kakara āhuatanga o te taenga mai ranei.
Whakarōpū o mate
Torongū me raapoi, rite pi pakeke, e pängia ana ki te tini o nga mate.
tukumate mate he huaketo, papapūata, harore spore-amo, he, i roto i te tinana o te torongū, i reira e pirinoa kaiao paihana ururua paitini tona ora.
E rave rahi o teie mau mate he tohu tino ma'i.
I te tahi taime e mea nui ki te kia huaketo ki te iti rawa kia kotahi torongū, na hohoro i tona mate kua horapa ki te pi katoa. .
Tona whakahou mate ekore o te whānau, i nei te heke reira, a kia pae hopea mate rawa.
mate katoa, e taea te i raro ki te pī pi, wehea ki hopuhopu, me te kore-communicable. Ki te kore koe e tango i mahi wā, Ahakoa i taua e taea te tiki i te raruraru whānau me te pīhaonga katoa.
Ko te rōpū ngā ma'i mate hopuhopu, me te pirinoa:
- foulbrood American;
- foulbrood Pākehā;
- parahnylets;
- pi mishotchatyy;
- askosferoz;
- aspergillosis (pi kohatu);
- varroatoz.
mate hopuhopu i nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
foulbrood American (maka ia torongū)
Patua pi hiri. riro te reira i ahua ātaahua. kōpapa Tā, perforating. tūroro torongū hina-parauri, He kokuhu tau wawe i te raro o ngā pūtau. piri ratou ki te pūtau matenga pōtae.
foulbrood Pākehā (Stryeptokok Apіs, huakita pluton, Pluto me strep Bacillus Alva)
pi tuwhera patua, ētahi wā he tāngia. Kowhai-parauri e tamarûhia torongū me te pūtau raro i roto i te puka piko, ngāwari kia wehea i ona taiepa
pi saccular (foulbrood maroke) roa taitamariki Вірус. (SBV)
Te mauiui tuwhera pi. E niao ki torongū parauri pouri i te raro o te pūtau, tango i te puka o te putea, ki tonu i te wai
Askosferoz (pi kotakota) i tahia Гриб Ascosphera
He tuwhera mamae me te pi tāngia, he pai haruru. He pakeke ki te pa torongū mate, maroke, hipoki ki te mycelium fungal ma. Titiro rite mongamonga o kotakota.
Parahnylets (maka ia paraal'vej)
Patua pi pi hiri. riro te reira i whero-parauri, ōritetanga ngohengohe i, pai wehea i te taiepa.
aspergillosis (pi kohatu) Fungi o te puninga Aspergillus
hipoki pi ki te pokepokea ai hina, me te holomui, Na riro totoka, kōwhai-matomato tae pango ranei, Te haamana'oi te te puka o pōhatu
mate urutomo e kotahi noa mate:
Varroatoz (varroa)
Pāngia torongū pī me drones. whangai pirinoa i runga i hemolymph pepeke taitamariki, e whakamatea waiho ratou ngoikore pi underdeveloped ranei.
mate kore-communicable o pi
mate kore-communicable pi pi whakawhanake rite ki te hua o te takahi o nga ture me ngā āhuatanga o koroni pi, ratou kai me te tupuranga.
hohoro i muri ratou ngaro, rite ka te take o to ratou ahua kia kitea, ka papaki. e kore e ma'i pee enei mate, arā neke i pangia ki te hauora, me te kore e pepeke tono i waenganui i apiaries.
Ka taea te whakaahuatia ratou e whai ake:
he pi makariri
mokamoka meangiti auroa kino ranei. Pi pouri tae ōritetanga wai, ētahi wā tahuri te whakapakoko parauri pouri. pea te reira i te kakara o te hauwai sulfide.
te tahuti nei iranga (ngaro materoto huatū tuatahi pi paipōro ranei)
whakapapa. Te kahui tata me te tupuranga kōpū me drones. E pāngia raapoi i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te whanaketanga. He ngohengohe, me te hou ratou, paku Kaore. siriyut tuatahi, a ka maroke i, ka riro parauri pouri.
kai toxicosis (matū me awaawa)
Paihana i ngā patukīrea, hāngai mō te tukatuka posiviv.Otruyennya honeydew honi: No te mea te torongū kai kai paitini, takahi ratou i te wahi kūnatu me ka mate ratou.
hē pūmua
Te kore o Pereka me te hae. torongū, te fariiraa i whāngai pūmua rawakore, tawhiti i muri i roto i te whanaketanga. manu Young, puta i tenei pi, taea, me te mate i te wawe tau.
ruinga maroke
tiaki muhu. I roto i te tahi mau pūtau tawhio rau kai torongū lychynochnoho reira.
Maimoatanga o mate pi
Ki te kitea e koe i tetahi mate pi kia rite wawe tonu ki te timata i te whakatinanatanga o pitihana.
Ka rite ki pi kia tukinotia:
- Tūroro ki te utuafare, Heoi rite hauora, kia tukinotia ki ngā rongoā iti rawa rua.
- I roto i te akoranga o ngā rongoā ki te whakaputaia ketia, rite i roto i tenei take, riro maimoatanga whai hua atu.
- E kore e rere a te ua rangi he kahore okotahi mo te mahi hauora.
- I roto i te maimoatanga o mate me infestations kia whakahoutia mokamoka, te tango i nga papa o tūroro pi, kau, me te ki tonu rawa ki te honi.
- ākina bdzholosim'yi katoa ki te neke ki kau pununga honé hou wharahanga ranei.
- Hapai i kore anake te tāpare, engari i roto i te taenga mai.
- I muri e pā ana ki te wiki o te mau utuafare ngā Me ki te tiki ake i te anga, me te tukatuka ratou himpreparatamy, me te ware pi peretopyty.
- Whakakapia te tawhito ki te kopu hou, pai thoroughbred.
- Puhoi whakakore pi pangia.
- kai ora Whānau.
ārai mate
Ka rite ki matau koutou, pai ki te ārai mate, atu i ki te rongoa. Ko te pono tenei i roto i te pā ana ki te te pī mate.
Hei mutu humarie ratou ahua i roto i te whanaketanga pīhaonga me atu, tika ki te hanga i taua whakatūpatotanga:
- pupuri i te mau utuafare pī kaha ki taitamariki hua rui purebred;
- kōpū kino materoto whakakapi;
- whakarato wā pi mārire pewa te i roto i te nui e hiahiatia ana;
- whakakore ngoikore, nei maha tiki mate, me te kore e taea te aro ki te whānau te hotoke;
- wā pūtau tarutaru, ka whakamahia ratou ki te ware pi peretoplyuvaty; ārai i te pununga honé mo te hotoke;
- ārai ratou i pukā me overcooling;
- tāuta pununga honé i etahi tawhiti i ia atu, peita ratou i roto i ngā tae kanapa (te nuinga kōwhai me te puru), ki te ārai e pohehe ana, me te tahae pi;
- mau mâ i roto i te rohe o te pīhaonga, e kore e waiho ki hea paraire o te ware pi, propolis, horoi ake honi maringi;
- kawe i roto i kai ārai;
- whakakapi i te wai whakaroau inu i hou; mihini horoi i te pununga honé, a ka patu huakita ratou.
Ko te pi te ārai mate wā – Ko matua ki te hauora o koroni pi, ratou hua teitei, mahi me te hokohoko te kounga nui hoki te tioka. Na ko reira i roto i te moni o te beekeeper.
ataata
6 Nga Whakautu
[…] ātete ki nga mate urutomo. hei tauira, me nga ahuatanga kino o te takurua me te […]
[…] askosferoz; […]
[…] pērā i nozematoz, septicaemia, colibacteriosis, pirau, etc. Tips mō tīmata: tukatuka matua […]
[…] — te tango tonu i nga hiwi kua pangia o nga papa me nga pi kua pangia me te reira […]
[…] tohu mahi, hardiness, ātete mate, te rongo me te neroylyvosti. Ko nga whanau pi […]
[…] tohu ki te whai waahi ki te ngoikore o te koroni pi me te whanaketanga o te mate, me te whakakotahitanga o etahi o enei ka piki ake te tupono o te pakarutanga […]