pīhaonga

Bee mate pi: foulbrood, askosferoz, varroatoz.

1. etiology
2. whakarōpū
3. mate
4. mate urutomo
5. mate kore-communicable
6. maimoatanga
7. ārai
8. ataata

etiology

Хвороби розплоду – це група захворювань бджіл, i kitea takitahi taitamariki i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi e toru o te whanaketanga: hua, torongū me raapoi.

Розплід в перших двох стадіях – яйця і личинки – має назву відкритого, a muri, як буде закритий восковими кришечками – запечатаного.

pi Healthy i roto i te wāhi whakaritea mo te pūtau ko te nuinga o te taua tau, i te wā o hua me ngā torongū o te tae ma, me te kua he pīataata, mata mākū oilily.

Pechatanyy pi ano he ona āhuatanga āhuatanga.

pūtau Cap i te marama tuatahi, me te mārama, kākahu me te whai kohakore.

Потім під ними в центрі з’являється темна пляма – розвивається бджола. atu āhuatanga katoa, rerekē i te täkupu, kōrero e pā ana ki te mate.

Ko ratou rawa ngāwari hoki o te tirohanga ataata o heru pi pī.

I roto i te hua huaketo, torongū a mutu raapoi tupu me te whanaketanga, ngaro ratou umeraa, āta pouri, emit te kakara poke āhuatanga.

I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi kia mahi pechatanoho pi tohu mate kitea deformation potae hoho'a-atu, ratou perforation nui, discoloration.

Ka rite ki tuwhera, me pi pi kati wā arotake me te beekeeper i roto i ngā o te rere noa rerekē ranei o pepeke taitamariki.

Hei tango i te taenga tātari uhi tuanui me te, Na pana ki te honikoma tino.

Na tetahi e tetahi reo pūtau nekehia atu, e pi te tikanga pukumahi, me te āta whakaaro ratou, e hoki ratou ki te taha ki raro o te ra, kia pai te kitea nga take o ngā pūtau, me ratou taiepa raro.

A, no te tirohia ngā pūtau kau Ngā taa'eraa, pōuri, Kua puta ke tapo'io te pūwatawata me ngā torongū pouri.

e kore, ki te he hauora te pi me te te mamae mate, pūtau kau kitea tau mōkito, no te mea kōpū e kore rui hua pūtau tika hangaia.

I roto i te kaupapa o te mate o te torongū o tini o nga mate pī pūtau kau he nui ake, rite te pi pi ranei nekehia atu, maroke, me te pouri ranei, i riro nui i roto i ngā pūtau.

Hei tātari tika mate, Me papa pi pakaru ki āta titiro.

kia whanau te reira i pepeke tau, ratou wāhi i roto i te pūtau, tae, ahua, te ngaro aroaro o te kakara āhuatanga o te taenga mai ranei.

Whakarōpū o mate

Torongū me raapoi, rite pi pakeke, e pängia ana ki te tini o nga mate.

tukumate mate he huaketo, papapūata, harore spore-amo, he, i roto i te tinana o te torongū, i reira e pirinoa kaiao paihana ururua paitini tona ora.

E rave rahi o teie mau mate he tohu tino ma'i.

I te tahi taime e mea nui ki te kia huaketo ki te iti rawa kia kotahi torongū, na hohoro i tona mate kua horapa ki te pi katoa. .

Tona whakahou mate ekore o te whānau, i nei te heke reira, a kia pae hopea mate rawa.

mate katoa, e taea te i raro ki te pī pi, wehea ki hopuhopu, me te kore-communicable. Ki te kore koe e tango i mahi wā, Ahakoa i taua e taea te tiki i te raruraru whānau me te pīhaonga katoa.

Ko te rōpū ngā ma'i mate hopuhopu, me te pirinoa:

• foulbrood American;
• foulbrood Pākehā;
• parahnylets;
• pi mishotchatyy;
• askosferoz;
• aspergillosis (pi kohatu);
• varroatoz.

mate hopuhopu i nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

foulbrood American (maka ia torongū)

Patua pi hiri. riro te reira i ahua ātaahua. kōpapa Tā, perforating. tūroro torongū hina-parauri, He kokuhu tau wawe i te raro o ngā pūtau. piri ratou ki te pūtau matenga pōtae.

foulbrood Pākehā (Stryeptokok Apіs, huakita pluton, Pluto me strep Bacillus Alva)

pi tuwhera patua, ētahi wā he tāngia. Kowhai-parauri e tamarûhia torongū me te pūtau raro i roto i te puka piko, ngāwari kia wehea i ona taiepa

pi saccular (foulbrood maroke) roa taitamariki Вірус. (SBV)

Te mauiui tuwhera pi. E niao ki torongū parauri pouri i te raro o te pūtau, tango i te puka o te putea, ki tonu i te wai

Askosferoz (pi kotakota) i tahia Гриб Ascosphera

He tuwhera mamae me te pi tāngia, he pai haruru. He pakeke ki te pa torongū mate, maroke, hipoki ki te mycelium fungal ma. Titiro rite mongamonga o kotakota.

Parahnylets (maka ia paraal'vej)

Patua pi pi hiri. riro te reira i whero-parauri, ōritetanga ngohengohe i, pai wehea i te taiepa.

aspergillosis (pi kohatu) Fungi o te puninga Aspergillus

hipoki pi ki te pokepokea ai hina, me te holomui, Na riro totoka, kōwhai-matomato tae pango ranei, Te haamana'oi te te puka o pōhatu

mate urutomo e kotahi noa mate:

Varroatoz (varroa)

Pāngia torongū pī me drones. whangai pirinoa i runga i hemolymph pepeke taitamariki, e whakamatea waiho ratou ngoikore pi underdeveloped ranei.

mate kore-communicable o pi

mate kore-communicable pi pi whakawhanake rite ki te hua o te takahi o nga ture me ngā āhuatanga o koroni pi, ratou kai me te tupuranga.

hohoro i muri ratou ngaro, rite ka te take o to ratou ahua kia kitea, ka papaki. e kore e ma'i pee enei mate, arā neke i pangia ki te hauora, me te kore e pepeke tono i waenganui i apiaries.

Ka taea te whakaahuatia ratou e whai ake:

he pi makariri

mokamoka meangiti auroa kino ranei. Pi pouri tae ōritetanga wai, ētahi wā tahuri te whakapakoko parauri pouri. pea te reira i te kakara o te hauwai sulfide.

te tahuti nei iranga (ngaro materoto huatū tuatahi pi paipōro ranei)

whakapapa. Te kahui tata me te tupuranga kōpū me drones. E pāngia raapoi i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te whanaketanga. He ngohengohe, me te hou ratou, paku Kaore. siriyut tuatahi, a ka maroke i, ka riro parauri pouri.

kai toxicosis (matū me awaawa)

Paihana i ngā patukīrea, hāngai mō te tukatuka posiviv.Otruyennya honeydew honi: No te mea te torongū kai kai paitini, takahi ratou i te wahi kūnatu me ka mate ratou.

hē pūmua

Te kore o Pereka me te hae. torongū, te fariiraa i whāngai pūmua rawakore, tawhiti i muri i roto i te whanaketanga. manu Young, puta i tenei pi, taea, me te mate i te wawe tau.

ruinga maroke

tiaki muhu. I roto i te tahi mau pūtau tawhio rau kai torongū lychynochnoho reira.

Maimoatanga o mate pi

Ki te kitea e koe i tetahi mate pi kia rite wawe tonu ki te timata i te whakatinanatanga o pitihana.

Ka rite ki pi kia tukinotia:

• Tūroro ki te utuafare, Heoi rite hauora, kia tukinotia ki ngā rongoā iti rawa rua.
• I roto i te akoranga o ngā rongoā ki te whakaputaia ketia, rite i roto i tenei take, riro maimoatanga whai hua atu.
• E kore e rere a te ua rangi he kahore okotahi mo te mahi hauora.
• I roto i te maimoatanga o mate me infestations kia whakahoutia mokamoka, te tango i nga papa o tūroro pi, kau, me te ki tonu rawa ki te honi.
• ākina bdzholosim'yi katoa ki te neke ki kau pununga honé hou wharahanga ranei.
• Hapai i kore anake te tāpare, engari i roto i te taenga mai.
• I muri e pā ana ki te wiki o te mau utuafare ngā Me ki te tiki ake i te anga, me te tukatuka ratou himpreparatamy, me te ware pi peretopyty.
• Whakakapia te tawhito ki te kopu hou, pai thoroughbred.
• Puhoi whakakore pi pangia.
• kai ora Whānau.

ārai mate

Ka rite ki matau koutou, pai ki te ārai mate, atu i ki te rongoa. Ko te pono tenei i roto i te pā ana ki te te pī mate.

Hei mutu humarie ratou ahua i roto i te whanaketanga pīhaonga me atu, tika ki te hanga i taua whakatūpatotanga:

• pupuri i te mau utuafare pī kaha ki taitamariki hua rui purebred;
• kōpū kino materoto whakakapi;
• whakarato wā pi mārire pewa te i roto i te nui e hiahiatia ana;
• whakakore ngoikore, nei maha tiki mate, me te kore e taea te aro ki te whānau te hotoke;
• wā pūtau tarutaru, ka whakamahia ratou ki te ware pi peretoplyuvaty; ārai i te pununga honé mo te hotoke;
• ārai ratou i pukā me overcooling;
• tāuta pununga honé i etahi tawhiti i ia atu, peita ratou i roto i ngā tae kanapa (te nuinga kōwhai me te puru), ki te ārai e pohehe ana, me te tahae pi;
• mau mâ i roto i te rohe o te pīhaonga, e kore e waiho ki hea paraire o te ware pi, propolis, horoi ake honi maringi;
• kawe i roto i kai ārai;
• whakakapi i te wai whakaroau inu i hou; mihini horoi i te pununga honé, a ka patu huakita ratou.

Вчасно проведена профілактика хвороб розплоду – це запорука здоров’я бджолиних сімей, ratou hua teitei, mahi me te hokohoko te kounga nui hoki te tioka. Na ko reira i roto i te moni o te beekeeper.

ataata