Apiary

Signs of disease treatment varroatoz bees, preparations.

Varroatoz bees is considered the most common invasive disease, which could face each beekeeper.

This is dangerous, contagious and rapidly progressive disease in epidemiological.

1. The etiology of the disease
2. As the disease spreads
3. How to recognize varroatoz
4. Treatment of disease
5. disease prevention
6. Tips for beginners

Etiology

Among the population of bees as it affects adults, and brood.

The causative agent isthe varroa mite. He settles on the body of bees, causing them concern, and their honeycombs, де проходять свій розвиток молоді особини – личинка і лялечка.

Eating their hemolymph, mite causes disruption of adult, and stops the larvae to develop, which subsequently leads to their death.

Varroatoz through high contagiousness of diseases relating to quarantine.

Development of the disease contribute some indicators of temperature and humidity inside the hive.

Spring and fall affects mainly tick larvae and adults, а в літній період – трутневий розплід.

The female parasite enters the cell for a couple of days before full sealing. She then activated, attached to the larva and starts eating its hemolymph.

In the course comes as feed, intended for brood. Gradually moving up the female cell cell.

When ripe pupal cocoon, The female mite lays on its surface a few eggs. Six days there are males, and the next day females.

Soon after fertilization, the males die, and the female begins to prepare for reproduction. After the release of hundreds of bee brood, it goes into an unoccupied cell and multiplies it again.

How is varroatoz

Intrigue is varoatozu, that early on it almost does not manifest itself and therefore goes unnoticed.

Only after a while, when the number reaches a critical level ticks and bees will be affected by them more and more, You can talk about the massive development of the disease.

Infection varroatozom insects can occur in several ways, example: bees zbyralnytsi, returning from trick, mites can bring on itself.

Обзавестися таким “сюрпризом” вони можуть на квітці, where they are waiting for a hungry parasite.

Bees-thief or wandering individuals, that flew into the hive, may already be infected ticks and leave them in a foreign vulykui.

Bees, that swarm, close contact with each other, can also be a source of infection varroatozom.

Strengthening layers defective bee brood, taken in other hives, which proliferated ticks, quickly and infect new hive.

Rearrange frames from one hive to another may also contribute to the rapid spread of the disease throughout the apiary.

Varoatozu infectiousness and the variety of its penetration into the hive reveals that fact, today almost no apiary, where the disease has not be found.

Varroatoz signs

Visible signs of the disease and the degree of severity depend on the bees zaklischennosti.

The symptoms include the following varoatozu:

Just born young bees and drones are smaller in size and weight because of nutrient deficiency, mites that suck.

They have reduced resistance to other diseases, reduced life expectancy. May appear individuals with defects quotes, wings and abdomen.

Sick bees are not eligible to collect nectar and other types of work, crawling aimlessly around the hive, the bottom of which are infected larvae and drones.

Ticks can be seen visually, If you look closely.

The last stage in varoatozu bdzholosim'yi appears colorful brood, dying great number of adults, and larvae and pupae, which then emit healthy bees from their hive.

Infected larvae, are still in their cells, become yellow, covered with mold, that looks like a defeat foul brood.

In the summer of damaged brood appear sluggish immature insects, which adult bees immediately kicked out of the nest.

General behavior of the family in the running version of varoatozu described as extremely irritable and restless.

In the autumn of bees in no hurry to form a club and poorly tolerate winter. As a result of concerns can pounce on harvested forage, eating it without measure.

Often this behavior is the result of diarrhea, as a result of which die simya. Under the most favorable prognosis family comes out of hibernation severely weakened, в гіршому – просто гине.

Defeat at bee mites 10% can mean, that the disease exists and should take steps to treat it.

at 20% infection can say, that it takes a serious turn, and in 40% the disease has epidemic proportions.

In the latter two cases should immediately start fighting with razhulyavshymsya varroatozom bees.

Treatment varoatozu

Today developed many treatments varroatoza. The effectiveness of each of them is different.

Some of them already have a long history, Others relate to more modern.

Який з них застосовувати і як лікувати своїх підопічних – справа кожного бджоляра, because of their preferences and views on running your own business.

The essence of insect heat treatment is varoatozu, bees and mites have different physiological resistance to high temperatures (bees carry them better), because infected individuals placed in special chambers with hot air.

Processing time is 20 minutes.

The most effective this technique in late autumn, when the parasites are located directly on bees.

In addition to this method, існує ще й інший – лікувальний засіб: Insect pollination affected various powders, such as flour or talc coniferous, which carry or directly into the hive, or outside, a special tape.

For this purpose, suitable also chalk, flavored starch. The method is very time-consuming, but is harmless to bees.

Truth and effectiveness of such treatment is low, because recently it is used less frequently.

But the increasing use among beekeepers are different chemicals. There are three different, but, Nonetheless, as effective ways to deliver medicine to adult bees from varoatozu:

1. Paper or cardboard strips, of the active substance. To treat them set fire. Distributed around the hive smoke carries acaricide, which makes it possible to destroy mite.
2. Wood veneer plates or strips coated with contact action against them drug. They are immersed in a nest, leaving behind a period specified in preparation. For therapeutic effects need, bees to touch them.
3. The solution acaricide, which can irrigate bees. Most liquid withdrawn into a small container type syringe or syringe and sprinkled streets and bees. This method is convenient, but for families, where there is no brood. This is done before hibernation, chashche all this Bipin.

Most modern drugs from varoatozu bees from fluvalinata and amitraz. They all have high levels of efficiency, but their use is limited spring and autumn season.

Besides, if you use a single drug regularly, mites are resistant to noho.Tomu recommended combined use of these tools.

Active substance: amitraz

• Name: Bipin (The form: Liquid)
• Name: Apitak (The form: Liquid)
• Name: Aqua-Flo (The form: Liquid)
• Name: TEDA (The form: Smoke spray)

Active substance: Fluvalinat

• Name: described (The form: The strips of veneer)
• Name: Apimol-T (The form: The strips of veneer)
• Name: Fumisan (The form: The strips of veneer)
• Name: Varropol (The form: The strips of veneer)

Also used drugs based on brompropilata and hlorbenzilata.

Active substance: Brompropilat

• Name: Polisan (The form: Smoke spray)
• Name: Neoron (The form: Liquid)

Active substance: Hlorbenzilat

• Name: Folbeks (The form: Smoke spray)

Also buvayut different variations of names veneer strips, but the active ingredient is almost always the exact same same, buying in store for beekeepers, prokonsultuytes.

To achieve the desired result and does not harm the bees use these drugs should be strictly on the instructions. Though considered, all these drugs are harmless enough, Yet this definition is very conditional.

It is well known healing properties of breast, formic and oxalic acid in fighting varroatozom.

While this treatment method is the older treatment option, Yet still used and is considered quite effective.

Lactic acid during vzyatkov as medicine is not recommended and is used almost always fall.

For formic acid undoubted advantage is, its vapor can penetrate cells through sealing, destroying mites, available on the brood. Oxalic acid is used only once and always fall.

Treatment of bees varoatozu summer, during medosbora and brood, Not recommended, if necessary, should be done with caution, so, not to harm the bee family. Therefore, along with these tools, You can find other.

Save the bees can not only chemistry. Industry also produced medicines based on natural raw materials.

Active substance: thyme

• Name: thymol (The form: Powder)
• Name: Thymol-B (The form: Liquid)

Active substance: Kidneys pines and wormwood

• Name: Neoron (The form: Liquid)

A few ways to combat varrootozom, those that fit, who wants to get his apiary ecoproduction:

1. Bees can be treated using infusion of herbs, mix them with sugar syrup or honey bees and give, that they ate. There are many recipes for concoctions, as medical components can act needles, Pauline, garlic, nettle. Useful are daisy, motherwort, calendula. Quite popular among beekeepers CAS 81 – препарат на основі гіркого полину і соснових бруньок. It also serves as a great stimulant for debilitated disease families. Cooking it must be so, how should one use, as well as the storage of broth evaporate quickly all biologically active substances.
2. Oil of sea buckthorn oil or ukropne, mixed with Vaseline medical, also help fight mites, if they put on a thin layer of film or paper briefly leave at the bottom beehive. Evaporation of essential oils irritating effect on the parasites, but does not kill them. Opal ticks should be collected on a mesh tray, and if it is not, it is on paper or film greased with Vaseline or oil.
3. You can lay a hive herbs. The effect of the application will be much higher, if not only place them on top of the framework, but beneath them. Above plants should be wrapped in gauze, bees to avoid contact with them. Treat bees from varoatozu possible and by fumigating them smoke, applying for burning tobacco leaves, oak bark, horseradish root, bagno, Cheremkha, tansy. It is believed that this smoke is not harmful to bees, but nice kills ticks. The result can be seen after some half an hour.
4. Another way to deal with varroatozom (zootechnic) – видалення в період найбільш швидкого розвитку бджолиних сімей трутневого розплоду. This usually occurs in May and June. Since trutnevoy most attractive for brood parasite, must be periodically cut it with a framework after, bees close it. You reduce the number of mites within the hive and reduce overall zaklischennosti bees.

Prevention varroatozu

When it comes to varroatoz, usually focus only kill parasites, and only, when he managed to inflict significant damage.

As completely get rid of the disease is almost impossible, it is necessary to prevent its excessive spread among bees.

And it can be done through preventive measures.

known, that strong colonies vulnerable to the disease less.

Therefore beekeeper bees provide everything necessary to maintain their optimum condition, including a strong food base, proper and timely care, can be a measure minimizes signs of the disease.

To prevent an outbreak of infection, need:

• Timely display of wintering hives, so the bee can make sewage circled early.
• For summer apiary should choose a dry sunny areas. In damp places likelihood of disease in bees becomes higher.
• Hives should be put on pedestals, So, that they defended the ground at least 30 cm. Support purity around them is also considered mandatory procedure.
• Equally important is the strict adherence to sanitary measures during transport apiaries, and subject to quarantine new animals, if they were purchased.
• WordHex to brood recommended to change a couple of years, гніздові – третю частину щорічно, because the old development mite is intense.
• Do not forget about fall prevention treatment of bees varoatozu, even today the situation is happy about the disease.

The weakening bee colonies due to the disease may be the cause of other diseases, such as nozematoz, Septicemia, colibacteriosis, foulbrood etc.

Tips for beginners: Home treatment is carried osinyu veneer strips, such Fumisanom or Varroadezom, then stretched strips and handling Bipinom (before zamivleyu, when there is no brood). Also put a spring strips of veneer.

Treat varroatoz during medosbora not recommended, as the active ingredient in honey catch.